[OC] Die rauesten Länder der Welt (Wie verändert sich die Größe eines Landes, wenn man alle Hügel und Berge berücksichtigt)

This was computed using Google Earth Engine and the Global Digital Elevation Model by Copernicus with a 30m resolution. You have to pick a resolution and stick with it, otherwise you run into the [coastline paradox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastline_paradox). Visualization was done with plotnine in Python.

Anyway, here’s the leaderboards for flattest and hilliest countries:

#### Flat

| Country | Planar Area (km²) | Surface Area (km²) | Percent increase |
|:————–|:——————–|:———————|:——————-|
| Kuwait | 17,364 | 17,368 | 0.02% |
| Botswana | 578,160 | 578,338 | 0.03% |
| Qatar | 11,653 | 11,657 | 0.04% |
| Tuvalu | 29 | 29 | 0.05% |
| Kiribati | 925 | 925 | 0.05% |
| Bahamas, The | 12,454 | 12,461 | 0.05% |
| Maldives | 161 | 161 | 0.05% |
| Senegal | 196,296 | 196,431 | 0.07% |
| Burkina Faso | 273,354 | 273,554 | 0.07% |
| Marshall Is | 128 | 128 | 0.07% |
| Gambia, The | 10,717 | 10,727 | 0.09% |
| Bahrain | 779 | 779 | 0.09% |
| Mauritania | 1,037,609 | 1,038,734 | 0.11% |
| Mali | 1,255,034 | 1,256,461 | 0.11% |
| Paraguay | 399,439 | 399,939 | 0.13% |
| Benin | 115,292 | 115,463 | 0.15% |
| South Sudan | 642,458 | 643,678 | 0.19% |
| Niger | 1,180,868 | 1,183,114 | 0.19% |
| Guinea-Bissau | 33,657 | 33,729 | 0.21% |
| Netherlands | 36,191 | 36,274 | 0.23% |

#### Hilly

| Country | Planar Area (km²) | Surface Area (km²) | Percent increase |
|:—————————-|:——————–|:———————|:——————-|
| Bhutan | 38,585 | 45,685 | 18.40% |
| Nepal | 147,578 | 170,573 | 15.58% |
| Andorra | 464 | 535 | 15.29% |
| Liechtenstein | 160 | 182 | 13.94% |
| Tajikistan | 141,299 | 160,619 | 13.67% |
| Taiwan | 36,325 | 40,671 | 11.96% |
| Georgia | 45,627 | 50,916 | 11.59% |
| Switzerland | 41,287 | 45,971 | 11.34% |
| Kyrgyzstan | 198,324 | 220,303 | 11.08% |
| Dominica | 762 | 840 | 10.22% |
| Austria | 83,937 | 91,179 | 8.63% |
| Albania | 28,679 | 30,965 | 7.97% |
| Sao Tome & Principe | 990 | 1,068 | 7.93% |
| Korea, North | 122,012 | 131,665 | 7.91% |
| New Zealand | 269,483 | 290,744 | 7.89% |
| St Vincent & the Grenadines | 386 | 417 | 7.88% |
| Japan | 376,486 | 405,077 | 7.59% |
| Laos | 229,746 | 247,129 | 7.57% |
| Montenegro | 13,905 | 14,896 | 7.13% |
| Korea, South | 98,801 | 105,577 | 6.86% |

Australia is so flat, that even the Polynesians couldn’t land and colonize the continent because they couldn’t see Australian mountains from their sailing canoes.

Can you do US states and Canadian provinces individually?