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* Russia’s total nuclear exports grew from $1.6 billion to $3.1 billion between 2021 and 2023.
* US imports of Russian nuclear fuel and technology rose from $650 million in 2022 to $900 million last year.
* France bought $324 million-worth of Russian nuclear technology last year and announced plans for Europe’s most ambitious nuclear construction programme.
* Turkey has increased its imports of Russian nuclear materials from $82 million to $200 million, up 144 per cent in a year.
Rosatom has been closely involved in the occupation of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear facility. Ukrainian employees of the plant have reportedly been forced to sign contracts with the Russian nuclear company – although a spokeswoman for Rosatom denied anyone had been coerced into signing contracts or accepting Russian citizenship.
The French nuclear power company Framatome is currently involved in a joint venture with Rosatom to produce nuclear fuel rods of the kind used in Russian-designed reactors at a facility in Germany. Framatome is also a subcontractor to Rosatom for the expansion of Hungary’s Paks nuclear power plant.
Rosatom has also signed deals to develop a new wave of nuclear power plants across Africa
from Egypt to Burkina Faso and Uganda, potentially locking in future dependency on Russian fuel.
Darya Dolzikova, an expert on nuclear policy at RUSI, said: “It’s a strategically important sector for Moscow. And the contracts in the civil nuclear sector are very, very long-term contracts… So you have this very long continued dependence on Russia once there is a nuclear power plant that’s built in the country.”
**What’s more…** Kazakhstan’s imports of nuclear materials from Russia have surged from $330,000 to $174 million in the past two years, suggesting it is being used as a conduit. Kazakhstan has exported particularly large amounts of nuclear material to China.