Industriepolitik braucht Einwanderungspolitik: Warum die Rückkehr von Arbeitsplätzen in die USA die Aufnahme weiterer ausländischer Arbeitskräfte erfordert

[SS from essay by Devesh Kapur, Starr Foundation Professor of South Asian Studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies; and Milan Vaishnav, Senior Fellow and Director of the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.]

As the face-off between former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris draws nearer, the United States is awash in partisan rancor, with the candidates and their supporters fighting bitterly over abortion, the southern border, taxes, health care, and more. Yet even though Democrats and Republicans are miles apart on most policy matters, they have nevertheless demonstrated a common renewed faith in one particular tool of economic statecraft: industrial policy.

During his presidency, [Trump](https://www.foreignaffairs.com/tags/donald-trump) championed tariffs on billions of dollars of exports bound for the United States to bolster the fortunes of the U.S. manufacturing sector. President Joe Biden, focused on squeezing China’s trade advantage, has kept many of those tariffs in place. He has also spent the last three and a half years putting in place “Bidenomics”—a bundle of “industrial and innovation” policies that break with free-market orthodoxy. Harris has given every indication that she will continue this approach. Regardless of who wins the White House this November, the idea that the state needs to wield a heavier hand to guide the market is here to stay.